Wednesday, March 18, 2020

50 Synonyms for Villain

50 Synonyms for Villain 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain† 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain† By Mark Nichol The store of synonyms for villain is so well stocked that it seems, well, villainous to employ that relatively colorless word in favor of many worthy substitutes especially in humorous contexts. Here’s a roster of appropriate alternatives. 1. Baddie: a bad person, especially a villain or a villain’s underling in a novel, a film, or a television program (usually lighthearted) 2. Beast: a reprehensible person, especially one with coarse, violent habits 3. Black sheep: an amoral, dishonorable person 3. Blackguard: a reprehensible person 4. Brute: a violent person 5. Bully: a violent person, especially one who intimidates or hurts weaker people 6. Cad: a thoughtless, uncaring man 7. Caitiff: a coward or a reprehensible person 8. Cutthroat: a vicious person 9. Dastard: a coward, or a deceitful or treacherous person 10. Desperado: a criminal, especially in the Old West 11. Devil: an evil person 12. Evildoer: a person who commits evil acts 13. Fiend: a malicious or wicked person; alternatively, an addict, a fanatic, or a person extraordinary talented at something 14. Fink: a reprehensible person (lighthearted) 15. Goon: a man who intimidates, injures, or kills in the service of another 16. Heavy: see baddie (more serious in connotation than its close synonym) 17. Heel: a reprehensible person 18. Henchman: a subordinate to a villain; alternatively, a right-hand man 19. Hoodlum: see bully 20. Hooligan: see bully 21. Hound: a reprehensible person; alternatively, an avid collector or searcher 22. Knave: a deceitful person 23. Malefactor: one who treats another person poorly or commits a crime 24. Meanie: an unkind person (lighthearted) 25. Miscreant: a criminal or a violent person; alternatively, a heretic 26. Monster: an extremely wicked person; alternatively, a cruel or deformed person 27. Ne’er-do-well: a worthless person 28. Outlaw: a fugitive from justice 29. Rapscallion: a dishonest or mean-spirited person; also, a mischievous person (often lighthearted, as are most of its close synonyms) 30. Rascal: see rapscallion 31. Reprobate: a depraved person 32. Rogue: a dishonest or reprehensible person; also, a mischievous person, or a vagrant 33. Rough: a violent person 34. Rowdy: see rough 35. Ruffian: see bully 36. Savage: see brute 37. Scalawag: see rapscallion 38. Scamp: see rapscallion 39. Scapegrace: see rapscallion 40. Scofflaw: a person who flouts laws 41. Scoundrel: see rapscallion 42. Serpent: a treacherous person 43. Shark: a devious person 44. Snake: see serpent 45. Thug: a violent person, often in the employ of another 46. Tough: see rough 47. Varlet: see knave 48. Villainness: a female villain 49. Viper: see serpent 50. Wretch: a reprehensible person; alternatively, a miserable person Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions26 Feel-Good WordsHow to Write a Proposal

Monday, March 2, 2020

Mercury 13 - First Lady Astronaut Trainees (FLATs)

Mercury 13 - First Lady Astronaut Trainees (FLATs) In the early 1960s, when the first groups of astronauts were selected, NASA didnt think to look at the qualified female pilots who were available. Instead, the agency focused on test and fighter pilots, roles that were denied to women, no matter how well they could fly. As a consequence, the U.S. didnt fly women in space until the 1980s, while the Russians flew their first female astronaut in 1962. First Efforts That changed when Dr. William Randolph Randy Lovelace II invited pilot Geraldyn Jerrie Cobb to undergo the physical fitness testing regimen that he had helped to develop to select the original U.S. astronauts, the Mercury Seven. After becoming the first American woman to pass those tests, Jerrie Cobb and Doctor Lovelace publicly announced her test results at a 1960 conference in Stockholm and recruited more women to take the tests. Testing Women for Space Cobb and Lovelace were assisted in their efforts by Jacqueline Cochran, who was a famous American aviatrix and an old friend of Lovelaces. She even volunteered to pay for the testing expenses. By the fall of 1961, a total of 25 women, ranging in age from 23 to 41, went to the Lovelace Clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They underwent four  days of testing, doing the same physical and psychological tests as the original Mercury Seven had. While some had learned of the examinations by word of mouth, many were recruited through the Ninety-Nines, a women pilots organization. A few of these pilots took additional tests. Jerrie Cobb, Rhea Hurrle, and Wally Funk went to Oklahoma City for an isolation tank test. Jerrie and Wally also experienced a high-altitude chamber test and the Martin-Baker seat ejection test. Because of other family and job commitments, not all of the women were asked to take these tests. Out of the original 25 applicants, 13 were chosen for further testing at the Naval Aviation center in Pensacola, FL. The finalists were dubbed the First Lady Astronaut Trainees, and eventually, the Mercury 13. They were: Jerrie CobbMary Wallace Wally FunkIrene LevertonMyrtle K CagleJaney Hart (now deceased)Gene Nora Stombough [Jessen]Jerri Sloan Now deceased)Rhea Hurrle [Woltman]Sarah Gorelick [Ratley]Bernice B Trimble Steadman (now deceased)Jan Dietrich (now deceased)Marion Dietrich (now deceased)Jean Hixson (now deceased) High Hopes, Dashed Expectations Expecting the next round of tests to be the first step in training which could conceivably allow them to become astronaut trainees, several of the women quit their jobs in order to be able to go. Shortly before they were scheduled to report, the women received telegrams canceling the Pensacola testing. Without an official NASA request to run the tests, the Navy would not allow the use of their facilities. Jerrie Cobb (the first woman to qualify) and Janey Hart (the forty-one-year-old mother who was also married to U.S. Senator Philip Hart of Michigan) campaigned in Washington to have the program continue. They contacted President Kennedy and vice-president Johnson. They attended hearings chaired by Representative Victor Anfuso and testified on behalf of the women. Unfortunately, Jackie Cochran, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, and George Low all testified that including women in the Mercury Project or creating a special program for them would be a detriment to the space program. NASA was stilling requiring all astronauts to be jet test pilots and have engineering degrees. Since no women could meet these requirements due to being excluded from such service in the military, none qualified to become astronauts. The Subcommittee expressed sympathy, but did not rule on the question. Nevertheless, They Persisted and Women Went to Space Former Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova and U.S. astronaut Cady Coleman (right), together before Colemans 2010 launch to space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazahkstan. NASA   On June 16, 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space. Clare Booth Luce published an article about the Mercury 13  in Life magazine criticizing NASA for not achieving this first. Tereshkovas launch and the Luce article renewed media attention to women in space. Jerrie Cobb made another push to revive the womens testing. It failed. It took 15 years before the next U.S. women were selected to go to space, and the Soviets didnt fly another female for nearly 20 years after Tereshkovas flight. Sally Ride was the first U.S. woman astronaut. NASA In 1978, six women were chosen as astronaut candidates by NASA: Rhea Seddon, Kathryn Sullivan, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Anna Fisher and Shannon Lucid. On June 18, 1983, Sally Ride became the first American woman in space. On February 3, 1995, Eileen Collins became the first woman to pilot a space shuttle. At her invitation, eight of the First Lady Astronaut Trainees attended her launch. On July 23, 1999, Collins also became the first woman Shuttle Commander.   Today women routinely fly to space, fulfilling the promise of the first women to train as astronauts. As time passes, the Mercury 13 trainees are passing on, but their dream lives on in the women who live and work and space for NASA and space agencies in Russia, China, Japan, and Europe.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.